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懒汉行动主义：鼠标点击下的人道主义援助

2010年7月12日 浩言|429 人浏览

save the world

骂人压根儿就不是什么好事儿——大多数人在幼儿园时就深得教诲。对于行为种种或者讲演篇篇，你可以放开批评，但若给予别人骂名，则如同揪头发般伤人。遗憾的是，此举在非营利领域的活动中比比皆是——近来则更有甚者——其中众多行为发生于新近的“懒汉行动主义”运动。

不难看出此词的出处(slacker + activism = slacktivism)，而且很显然的是它通常并没有褒义。大致说来，“懒汉行动主义”是指以很少的付出来行善。这是一种极为浅层次的行动主义，你可以在享受沙发舒适的同时完成善举，无论是动动鼠标还是发发短信。早期的懒汉行动主义的形式之一是佩戴橡胶腕环，这玩意红极一时、遍地流行，因为这根本极少费钱费神。如果你还带着五年前流行的“Livestrong”腕环，我甚至会为你加分，即使仅仅惯性致此，你仍然为自己的懒汉行为赢得了更多信用。

多数人质疑懒汉行动主义的焦点在于，低投入常常意味着低影响力。我最近看见了一个预告“MASSIVEGOOD”运动来临的新闻发布会。组织者坚持将其名称全部使用大写字母——实为可恶且毫无根据。当你在类似Travelocity的网站买机票、订旅馆或者租车时，旅游公司常常请求你为某个致力于全球健康的事业捐款2美元。称一个自动请求捐款程序为“运动”似乎过了——从根本上说，这只不过是市场营销的手段罢了。

至少从理论上说你可以通过计算筹款数来跟踪“Massivegood”的效力。（我实在是无法再次键入全部大写字母了。不好意思。）很多懒汉行动主义者的努力并没有可见性,无论是财政上抑或其他。例如，你在Facebook的状态更新中宣告你的胸罩颜色——正如今年早些时候成千上万的女人们所做的那样——对持续性的抗击乳腺癌运动有什么实质性的推进吗？我承认，当看见一个高中老同学摆弄她的紫色胸罩时，我止不住地傻笑，但是我并没有接受乳房X光检查。

事情是这样的：全部这些都有价值。以创造美好世界为目的来捉弄人们十分简单，即使他们的花费甚至不比鼠标点击的耗能更多。我了解这些，因为我从某种程度上做了同样的事情。但是现在，我愿意为懒汉行动主义高声赞美，为这些懒惰的狂热者辩护。（如果没有其他，懒汉行动主义则为社会做出了这样的服务——鼓励我们想象更多的逆喻。）

首先，其中的一些运动的确具有实质性的线下影响。懒汉行动主义的先锋——Freerice游戏即积累到了实际价值。由网络开发者John Breen在2007年十月发起，这个游戏（freerice.com）请你回答问题——你将变得更聪明！对于每一个正确的答案，网站都将为联合国粮食计划署捐赠10粒米。正是由于Freerice,截止到今年三月，15,760亿粒米——大致相当于2200万碗粮食——被捐赠给了饥荒人群。

其次，懒汉行动主义者的“少即多”算法确有其天才之处。哪一样是我更愿意拥有的呢？一个被廉价雇佣的大学生，拿着块剪切板站在街角，努力向路人收集请愿签名；或者是一个免费的网络视频，它可以依靠潜在的百万网友，免费获得病毒传销式的点击率来获取帮助？有人说这是懒汉行动主义，我说它是规模经济。

再次，我认为有些反对者的确被勒德分子所教唆。今昔的运动区别仅仅在于技术。就最差最少的效用而言，懒汉行动主义与诗歌朗诵或焚烧胸罩没有什么不同。若其效用达到最大，它将极大地提高结果传递的时间；忘记那些电话网或者你的小镇流言吧。例如，自从一月的海地地震发生后，美国移动公司每秒接收多达10，000条关于“海地”的短信。至今，这些通过短信筹集的10美元承诺已经为美国红十字会积累到了3800万美元的捐款。作为一个依靠捐赠的非营利性组织领导人，我认为，如果这就是懒汉行动主义，我愿意做这些事情。

底线，实际上，就是底线。我们不应该以某种行动主义所倚靠的媒介或者对人们要求的多少来加以判别——无论线上或者线下，传统或者新奇。反而，应该是具有意义的结果。倘若我们真的可以通过点几下鼠标来拯救世界，那么只有傻瓜才会反对。

来源：Nancy Lublin,May 1, 2010,http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/145/do-something-helping-humanity-with-a-click-of-the-mouse.html?partner=homepage_newsletter

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转载请注明：文章转载自：E惠社[http://www.ecauses.org]

本文标题：懒汉行动主义：鼠标点击下的人道主义援助

本文链接: http://www.ecauses.org/2010/07/12/slacktivism-helping-humanity-with-a-click-of-the-mouse/

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